Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de cannabis en adolescentes de la población general

  1. Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero 1
  2. Beatriz Lucas-Molina 2
  3. Alicia Pérez-Albéniz 1
  4. Félix Inchausti 3
  5. Javier Ortuño-Sierra 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja
  2. 2 Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de València
  3. 3 Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA)
Montrer des affiliations +
Revue:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Année de publication: 2020

Volumen: 32

Número: 1

Pages: 41-51

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Résumé

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de cannabis en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de la población general. Un total de 1,588 estudiantes (M=16,13 años; DT = 1,36), 739 eran hombres (46,5%), pertenecientes a 34 escuelas y 98 aulas, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por conglomerados, fueron encuestados. Los instrumentos administrados fueron el Cuestionario de Pródromos de Psicosis-Breve, el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades, el Cuestionario de Consumo de Sustancias Modificado, el Penn Matrix Reasoning Test (PMRT), la Family Affluence Scale-II y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta. Los resultados mostraron que un porcentaje de adolescentes informaron de experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y/o consumo de cannabis. Antes de controlar el efecto de múltiples covariables (género, edad, nivel socio-económico, consumo de tabaco, problemas emocionales y CI), los jóvenes consumidores de cannabis informaron de un mayor riesgo teórico de psicosis. Cuando se controló el efecto de las covariables, las experiencias psicóticas no se asociaron con el consumo de cannabis. El análisis mediacional indicó que los problemas en el ajuste emocional y comportamental mediaban en la relación entre consumo de cannabis y experiencias psicotiformes. Parece ser que, una vez controlado el efecto de las múltiples variables de confundido, el uso de cannabis aumenta el riesgo de psicopatología comórbida y esta a su vez el riesgo de psicosis (mayor frecuencia de experiencias psicóticas). Estos resultados sugieren que la relación que se establece entre las experiencias psicóticas y el cannabis es compleja y se encuentra mediada por variables relevantes. Futuros estudios deberán examinar las interacciones Gen x Ambiente en estudios longitudinales.

€ Voir financement

Information sur le financement

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innova-ción de España, MICINN) (reference PSI2014-56114-P), the Carlos III Health Institue (Instituto Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CI-BERSAM), the 2015 “Leonardo” grants (Ayudas Funda-ción BBVA a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales) and the 2017 grants for research teams (Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica).

Financeurs

Références bibliographiques

  • Bak, M., Krabbendam, L., Janssen, I., de Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W. y van Os, J. (2005). Early trauma may increase the risk for psychotic experiences by impacting on emotional response and perception of control. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112, 360–366. doi:10.1111/ j.16000447.2005.00646.x.
  • Bourque, J., Afzali, M. H., O’Leary-Barrett, M. y Conrod, P. (2017). Cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences trajectories during early adolescence: the coevolution and potential mediators. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 58, 1360–1369. doi:10.1111/ jcpp.12765.
  • Bousoño, M., Al-Halabí, S., Burón, P., Garrido, M., Díaz-Mesa, E. M., Galván, G., … Bobes, J. (2017). Uso y abuso de sustancias psicotrópicas e internet, psicopatología e ideación suicida en adolescentes. Adicciones, 29, 97–104. doi:10.20882/adicciones.811.
  • Boyce, W., Torsheim, T., Currie, C. y Zambon, A. (2006). The Family Affluence Scale as a measure of national wealth: Validation of an adolescent self-report measure. Social Indicators Research, 78, 473–487. doi:10.1007/ s11205-005-1607-6.
  • Carney, R., Cotter, J., Firth, J., Bradshaw, T. y Yung, A. R. (2017). Cannabis use and symptom severity in individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136, 5–15. doi:10.1111/ acps.12699.
  • Carney, R., Yung, A. R., Amminger, G. P., Bradshaw, T., Glozier, N., Hermens, D. F., … Purcell, R. (2017). Substance use in youth at risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 181, 23–29. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.026.
  • Cougnard, A., Marcelis, M., Myin-Germeys, I., De Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W., Krabbendam, L., … Van Os, J. (2007). Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness-persistence model. Psychological Medicine, 37, 513–527. doi:10.1017/ S0033291706009731.
  • Davis, G. P., Compton, M. T., Wang, S., Levin, F. R. y Blanco, C. (2013). Association between cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality disorder: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Schizophrenia Research, 151, 197–202. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.018.
  • Davis, G. P., Compton, M. T., Wang, S., Levin, F. R. y Blanco, C. (2013). Association between cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality disorder: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Schizophrenia Research, 151, 197–202. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.018.
  • Debbané, M., Eliez, S., Badoud, D., Conus, P., Flückiger, R. y Schultze-Lutter, F. (2015). Developing psychosis and its risk states through the lens of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41, S396-407. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu176.
  • Degenhardt, L., Saha, S., Lim, C. C. W., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., … McGrath, J. J. (2018). The associations between psychotic experiences, and substance use and substance use disorders: Findings from the World Health Organisation World Mental Health Surveys. Addiction, 113, 924-934. doi:10.1111/ add.14145.
  • Díaz Geada, A., Busto Miramontes, A. y Caamaño Isorna, F. (2018). Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y cannabis en adolescentes de una población multicultural (Burela, Lugo). Adicciones, 30, 264-270. doi:10.20882/adicciones.915.
  • Dolphin, L., Dooley, B. y Fitzgerald, A. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of psychotic like experiences in a nationally representative community sample of adolescents in Ireland. Schizophrenia Research, 169, 217–241. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.005.
  • Esterberg, M. L., Goulding, S. M., McClure-Tone, E. B. y Compton, M. T. (2009). Schizotypy and nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use in a non-psychiatric sample. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 374–379. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.11.007.
  • Fisher, H. L., Caspi, A., Poulton, R., Meier, M. H., Houts, R., Harrington, H., … Moffitt, T. E. (2013). Specificity of childhood psychotic symptoms for predicting schizophrenia by 38 years of age: a birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 43, 2077–2086. doi:10.1017/ S0033291712003091.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2018). Evaluación de los trastornos del espectro psicótico. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Debbané, M., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Chan, R. C. K., Cicero, D. C., Zhang, L. C., … Jablensky, A. (2018). The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study. Psychological Medicine, 48, 451-62. doi:10.1017/S0033291717001829.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Gooding, D. C., Ortuño-Sierra, J. y Paino, M. (2016). Assessing self-reported clinical high risk symptoms in community-derived adolescents: A psychometric evaluation of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 201–208. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.013.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Chocarro, E., Inchausti, F., Debbané, M. y Bobes, J. (2017). Psychosis risk screening: Validation of the youth psychosis at-risk questionnaire – brief in a community-derived sample of adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 26, e1543. doi:10.1002/mpr.1543.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Paino, M. y Muñiz, J. (2016). Psychotic-like experiences and substance use in college students. Adicciones, 28, 144-153. doi:10.20882/ adicciones.781.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2017). Methodological rigour in the study of addictions. Adicciones, 29, 147-149. doi:10.20882/adicciones.994.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E. y Debbané, M. (2017). Schizotypal traits and psychotic-like experiences during adolescence: An update. Psicothema, 29, 5–17. doi:10.7334/psicothema2016.209.
  • Fusar-Poli, P., Tantardini, M., De Simone, S., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Oliver, D., Kingdon, J., … McGuire, P. (2017). Deconstructing vulnerability for psychosis: Meta-analysis of environmental risk factors for psychosis in subjects at ultra high-risk. European Psychiatry, 40, 60-75. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.09.003.
  • Giordano, G. N., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, K., Sundquist, J. y Kendler, K. S. (2015). The association between cannabis abuse and subsequent schizophrenia: A Swedish national co-relative control study. Psychological Medicine, 45, 407–414. doi:10.1017/S0033291714001524.
  • Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997. tb01545.x.
  • Gur, R. C., Richard, J., Calkins, M. E., Chiavacci, R., Hansen, J. A., Bilker, W. B., … Gur, R. E. (2012). Age group and sex differences in performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery in children age 8-21. Neuropsychology, 26, 251–265. doi:10.1037/a0026712.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Henquet, C., Di Forti, M., Morrison, P., Kuepper, R. y Murray, R. M. (2008). Gene-environment interplay between cannabis and psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 1111– 1121. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn108.
  • Henquet, C., Krabbendam, L., Spauwen, J., Kaplan, C., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H. U. y van Os, J. (2005). Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people. British Medical Journal, 330, 11–14. doi:10.1136/bmj.38267.664086.63.
  • Hernández Serrano, O., Font-Mayolas, S. y Gras Pérez, M. E. (2015). Policonsumo de drogas y su relación con el contexto familiar y social en jóvenes universitarios. Polydrug use and its relationship with the familiar and social context amongst young college students. Adicciones, 27, 205–213. doi:10.20882/adicciones.27.3.
  • Hides, L., Lubman, D. I., Buckby, J., Yuen, H. P., Cosgrave, E., Baker, K. y Yung, A. R. (2009). The association between early cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences in a community adolescent sample. Schizophrenia Research, 112, 130–135. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.001.
  • IBM Corp Released. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Jones, H. J., Gage, S., Heron, J., Hickman, M., Lewis, G., Munafò, M. y Zammit, S. (2018). Association of Combined Patterns of Tobacco and Cannabis Use in Adolescence With Psychotic Experiences. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 240-246. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.001.
  • Kaymaz, N., Drukker, M., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H. U., Werbeloff, N., Weiser, M., … van Os, J. (2012). Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-help-seeking population-based samples? A systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with new results. Psychological Medicine, 42, 2239-2253. doi:10.1017/S0033291711002911.
  • Kelleher, I., Keeley, H., Corcoran, P., Ramsay, H., Wasserman, C., Carli, V., … Cannon, M. (2013). Childhood Trauma and Psychosis in a Prospective Cohort Study: Cause, Effect, and Directionality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 734–741.   doi:10.1176/appi. ajp.2012.12091169.
  • Kline, E. y Schiffman, J. (2014). Psychosis risk screening: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 158, 11– 18.  doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.036.
  • Kraan, T., Velthorst, E., Koenders, L., Zwaart, K., Ising, H. K., van den Berg, D., … van der Gaag, M. (2016). Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk: review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 46, 673–681. doi:10.1017/S0033291715002329.
  • Kuepper, R., van Os, J., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H. U., Höfler, M. y Henquet, C. (2011). Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study. British Medical Journal, 342:d738. doi:10.1136/ bmj.d738.
  • Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M. T., Slade, T. y Nielssen, O. (2011). Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: A systematic meta-analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 555–561. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.5.
  • Linscott, R. J. y van Os, J. (2013). An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders. Psychological Medicine, 43, 1133–1149. doi:10.1017/ S0033291712001626.
  • Loewy, R. L., Pearson, R., Vinogradov, S., Bearden, C. E. y Cannon, T. D. (2011). Psychosis risk screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire--brief version (PQB). Schizophrenia Research, 129, 42–46. doi:10.1016/j. schres.2011.03.029.
  • MacKie, C. J., Castellanos-Ryan, N. y Conrod, P. J. (2011). Developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences across adolescence: Impact of victimization and substance use. Psychological Medicine, 41, 47–58. doi:10.1017/ S0033291710000449.
  • Mackie, C. J., O’Leary-Barrett, M., Al-Khudhairy, N., Castellanos-Ryan, N., Struve, M., Topper, L. y Conrod, P. (2013). Adolescent bullying, cannabis use and emerging psychotic experiences: a longitudinal general population study. Psychological Medicine, 43, 1033–1044. doi:10.1017/S003329171200205X.
  • Marconi, A., Di Forti, M., Lewis, C. M., Murray, R. M. y Vassos, E. (2016). Meta-analysis of the Association Between the Level of Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42, 1262–1269. doi:10.1093/schbul/ sbw003.
  • Millan, M. J., Andrieux, A., Bartzokis, G., Cadenhead, K., Dazzan, P., Fusar-Poli, P., … Weinberger, D. (2016). Altering the course of schizophrenia: progress and perspectives. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 15, 485–515. doi. org/10.1038/nrd.2016.28.
  • Ministerio de Sanidad Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. (2016). Encuesta Estatal Sobre Uso De Drogas En Enseñanzas Secundarias (ESTUDES) 2014/2015, España, 29.
  • Moore, T. H., Zammit, S., Lingford-Hughes, A., Barnes, T. R., Jones, P. B., Burke, M. y Lewis, G. (2007). Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet, 370, 319–328. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61162-3.
  • Moore, T. M., Reise, S. P., Gur, R. E., Hakonarson, H. y Gur, R. C. (2015). Psychometric properties of the penn computerized neurocognitive battery. Neuropsychology, 29, 235–246. doi:10.1037/neu0000093.
  • Morgan, C., Reininghaus, U., Reichenberg, A., Frissa, S., Hotopf, M. y Hatch, S. L. (2014). Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: Evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 346–353. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134452.
  • Nesvåg, R., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Gillespie, N. A., Knudsen, G. P., Bramness, J. G., Kendler, K. S. y Ystrom, E. (2016). Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Association Between Cannabis Use and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Young Adult Twins. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43, 644-653. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw101.
  • Oliva, A. (2015). Desarrollo Positivo Adolescente. Madrid: Síntesis.
  • Ortuño-Sierra, J., Chocarro, E., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Sastre i Riba, S. y Muñiz, J. (2015). The assessment of emotional and behavioural problems: Internal structure of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15, 265–273. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.05.005.
  • Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Aritio-Solana, R., Velasco, A. M., de Luis, E. C., Schumann, G., … Lawrence, C. (2015). New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 1523–1534. doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0729-x.
  • Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Inchausti, F. y Sastre i Riba, S. (2016). Evaluación de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales en población infanto-juvenil: El cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades (SDQ). Papeles del Psicólogo, 37, 14–26.
  • Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Sastre i Riba, S., y Muñiz, J. (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Self-reported Version in Spanish Adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 38, 49–56. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.05.005.
  • Ortuño-Sierra, J., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Sastre i Riba, S. y Muñiz, J. (2015). Screening mental health problems during adolescence: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 38, 49–56. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.11.001.
  • Reeves, L. E., Anglin, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Gibson, L. E., Fineberg, A. M., Maxwell, S. D., … Ellman, L. M. (2014). Anxiety mediates the association between cannabis use and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 218, 180–186. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.040.
  • Savill, M., D’Ambrosio, J., Cannon, T. D. y Loewy, R. L. (2017). Psychosis risk screening in different populations using the Prodromal Questionnaire: A systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 12, 3-14. doi:10.1111/ eip.12446.
  • Shakoor, S., Zavos, H. M. S., McGuire, P., Cardno, A. G., Freeman, D. y Ronald, A. (2015). Psychotic experiences are linked to cannabis use in adolescents in the community because of common underlying environmental risk factors. Psychiatry Research, 227, 144–151. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2015.03.041.
  • Soto-Brandt, G., Portilla Huidobro, R., Huepe Artigas, D., Rivera-Rei, A., Escobar, M. J., Salas Guzman, N., … Castillo-Carniglia, A. (2014). Validity evidence of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in Chile. Adicciones, 26, 291–302. doi:10.7334/ psicothema2013.172.
  • Stowkowy, J. y Addington, J. (2013). Predictors of a clinical high risk status among individuals with a family history of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 147, 281–286. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.030.
  • Strauss, G. P., Raugh, I. M., Mittal, V. A., Gibb, B. E. y Coles, M. E. (2018). Bullying victimization and perpetration in a community sample of youth with psychotic like experiences. Schizophrenia Research, 195, 534-536. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.056.
  • Szoke, A., Galliot, A. M., Richard, J. R., Ferchiou, A., Baudin, G., Leboyer, M. y Schürhoff, F. (2014). Association between cannabis use and schizotypal dimensions A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. Psychiatry Research, 219, 58-66. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.008.
  • Valmaggia, L. R., Day, F. L., Jones, C., Bissoli, S., Pugh, C., Hall, D., … McGuire, P. K. (2014). Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2503–2512. doi:10.1017/ S0033291714000117.
  • Van Os, J. y Linscott, R. J. (2012). Introduction: The extended psychosis phenotype Relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 227–230. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr188.
  • Van Winkel, R. (2015). Further evidence that cannabis moderates familial correlation of psychosis-related experiences. PLoS ONE, 10, e0137625. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0137625.
  • Verdoux, H., Sorbara, F., Gindre, C., Swendsen, J. D. y van Os, J. (2002). Cannabis use and dimensions of psychosis in a nonclinical population of female subjects. Schizophrenia Research, 59, 77– 84. doi:10.1016/S09209964(01)00401-7.
  • Wallace, S. y Linscott, R. J. (2018). Intra-individual variability and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Schizophrenia Research, 195, 154-159. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.028.
  • WHO ASSIST Working Group. (2002). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction, 97, 1183–1194. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x.
  • Zammit, S., Kounali, D., Cannon, M., David, A. S., Gunnell, D., Heron, J., … Lewis, G. (2013). Psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders at age 18 in relation to psychotic experiences at age 12 in a longitudinal population-based cohort study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 742– 750. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060768.
  • Zammit, S. y Lewis, G. (2004). Exploring the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Addiction, 99, 1353–1354. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00843.x.
La source de données: Dialnet