Trastornos afectivos estacionales, "winter blues"

  1. Gatón Moreno, Miren Aiala
  2. González Torres, Miguel Ángel
  3. Gaviria, Moisés
Revista:
Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

ISSN: 0211-5735

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 35

Número: 126

Páginas: 367-380

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S0211-57352015000200010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El Trastorno Afectivo Estacional es una patología frecuente en la práctica clínica habitual, cuya prevalencia se halla entre el 1 y el 10% de la población. Se define como la presencia de episodios depresivos mayores recurrentes en una época determinada del año con remisión total posterior cuando es superada dicha estación. En su fisiopatología están implicados diferentes mecanismos tales como: la alteración del ritmo circadiano, la sensibilidad retiniana a la luz, el metabolismo anormal de la melatonina y la disminución de la secreción de neurotransmisores, sobre todo de la serotonina. El tratamiento se basa en la fototerapia o farmacoterapia, optando por uno u otro según las características clínicas del paciente. El objetivo de este artículo, es hacer una revisión clínica sobre dicho trastorno para su mejor reconocimiento y manejo.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • (1) Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, Lewy AJ, Goodwin FK, Davenport Y, et al. Seasonal affective disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41:72-80.
  • (2) Gupta A, Sharma PK, Garg VK, Singh AK, Mondal SC. Role of serotonin in seasonal affective disorder. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2013;17:49-55
  • (3) American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association 2013.
  • (4) Rosenthal NE. Issues for DSM-V: Seasonal Affective Disorder and Seasonality. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:8.
  • (5) Magnusson A. An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 101-176.
  • (6) Partonen T, Lönnqvist J. Seasonal affective disorder. The Lancet 1998; 352: 1369-74.
  • (7) Holloway LE, Evans S. Seasonality of depression referrals in older people. Community Ment Health J 2014; 50:336-338.
  • (8) Mersch PP, Middendorp HM, Bouhuys Al, Beersma DG, Van den Hoofdakker RH. Seasonal affective disorder and latitude: a review of the literature. J Affect Disord 1999; 53 (1):35.
  • (9) Magnusson A, Axelsson J, Karlsson MM, Oskarsson H. Lack of seasonal mood change in the Icelandic population: results of a cross sectional study. Am J Psyquiatry 2000; 157(2)234-8.
  • (10) Danilenko KV, Levitan RD. Seasonal affective disorder. En: Handbook of clinical Neurology. Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders, 2012; p. 279-289.
  • (11) Enns MW, Cox BJ, Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, Morehouse R, Michalak EE, et al. Personality and seasonal affective disorder: Results from the CAN-SAD study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006; 35-42.
  • (12) Sher L. Genetic Studies of Seasonal Affective Disorder and Seasonality. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2001; 105-110.
  • (13) Rosenthal NE, Mazzanti CM, Barnett RL, Hardin TA, Turner EH, Lam GK, et al. Role of serotonin transporter promoter repeat length polymorohism (5-HTTLPR) In seasonality and seasonal affective disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 1998; 3:175-7.
  • (14) Enoch MA, Goldman D, Barnett R, Sher L, Mazzanti CM, Rosenthal NE. Association between seasonal affective disorder and the 5-HT2A promoter polymorphism, -1438G/. Mol Psychiatry 1999; 4:89-92.
  • (15) Wehr TA, Duncan WC, Sher L, Aeschbach D, Schwartz PJ, Turner EH, Postolache TT, et al. A circadian signal of change of season in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001; 58:1108-1114.
  • (16) Sher L. Aetiology and pathogenesis of mood disorders. Q J Med. 2003; 96: 309-313.
  • (17) Desan PH, Oren DA. Is seasonal affective disorder a disorder of circadian rhythms? CNS Spectrums. 2001; 247-58.
  • (18) Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, Lewy AJ, Goodwin FK, Davenport Y, et al. Seasonal affective disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984; 41:72-80.
  • (19) Rosen LN, Targum SD, Terman M, Bryant MJ, Hoffman H, Kasper SF, et al. Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder at tour latitudes. Psychiatry Res. 1990; 31:131-44.
  • (20) Mersch PP, Middendorp HM, Bouhuys AL, Beersma DG, Van den Hofdakker RH. Seasonal affective disorder and latitude: a review of the literature. J Affective Disord. 1999; 53 :35-48.
  • (21) Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Singer CM. Treating phase-typed chronobiological sleep and mood disorders using appropriately timed bright artificial Light. Psychopharmacology Bull. 1985; 21: 368-72.
  • (22) Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Singer CM, White DM, Hoban TM. Winter depression and the phase-shift hypothesis for bright light´s therapeutic effects: history, theory, and experimental evidence. J Biol Rhythms 1988; 3:121-34.
  • (23) Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Miller LS, Hoban TM. Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light. Science 1987; 235:352-4.
  • (24) Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Bish HA, Evces CE, Hasler BP, Emens JS et al. Antidepressant response correlates with the phase advance in winter depressives. Soc Light Treatment Biol Rhythms Abst 2000; 12:22.
  • (25) Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Singer CM, White DM. The phase shift hypothesisi for bright light´s therapeutic mechanism of action: theoretical considerations and experimental evidence. Psychopharmacol 1987; 23 :349-53.
  • (26) Rosenthal NE, Jacobsen FM, Sack DA, Arendt J, James SP, Pary BL, et al. Atenolol in seasonal affective disorder: a test of the melatonin hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:52-6.
  • (27) Schlager DS: Early-morning administration of short-acting beta blockers for treatment of winter depression. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1383-5.
  • (28) Terman M, Terman JS, Quintkin FM, Cooper TB, Lo ES, Gorman JM, et al. Response of the melatonin cycle to phototherapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder. Short note. J Neural Transm 1988; 72: 147-65.
  • (29) Carlsson A, Svennerhom L, Winblad B. Seasonal and circadian monoamine variations in human brain examined post mortem. Acta Psychiatr Scand (suppl) 1980;280:75-83.
  • (30) Fernstrom JD, Wurtman RJ. Brain serotonin content: increase following ingestion of carbohydrate diet. Science 1971; 174: 1023-1025.
  • (31) Neumeister A, Turner EH, Matthews JR, Postolache TT, Barnett RL, Rauh M, et al. Effects of Tryptophan Depletion vs Catecholamine Depletion in patients with seasonal affective disorder in remission with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55(6):524.
  • (32) Anderson JL, Vasile RG, Money JJ, Bloomingdale KL, Samson JA, Schildkraut JJ. Changes in norepinephrine output following light therapy for fall/winter seasonal depression. Biol Psychiatry 1992;32:700-4.
  • (33) Depue RA, Arbisi P, Spoont MR, Leon A, Ainsworth B, Dopamine functioning in the behavioral facilitation system and seasonal variation in behavior: normal population and clinical studies. En: Rosenthal NE, Blehar MC; editors. Seasonal affective disorders & phototherapy. New York: The Guidford Press; 1989.
  • (34) Oren DA, Moul DE, Schwartz PJm Wehr TA, Rosenthal NE. A controlled trial of levodopa plus carbidopa in the treatment of winter seasonal affective disorder: A test of the dopamine hypothesis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 14:196-200.
  • (35) Oren DA, Levendosky AA, Kasper S, Duncan CC, Rosenthal NE. Circadian profiles of cortisol, prolactin, and thyrotropin in seasonal affective dirsorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:157-70.
  • (36) Arbisi PA, Depue RA, Krauss S, Spoont MR, Leon A, Ainsworth B, et al. Heat-loss response to a termal challenge in seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 1994; 52:199-214.
  • (37) DA, Levendosky AA, Kasper S, Duncan CC, Rosenthal NE. Circadian profiles of cortisol, prolactin, and thyrotropin in seasonal affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:157-170.
  • (38) Fresno D, Pedrejón C, Benaberre A, Valle J, Arrauxo A, Vieta E. Trastorno Afectivo Estacional. JANO. 2006; 14-20.
  • (39) Wirz-Justice A, Graw P, Krauchi K, Wacker HR. Seasonality in affective disorders in Switzerland. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003; 10 (8 Suppl) 418:92-5.
  • (40) Tam EM, Lam RW, Robertson HA, Stewart JN, Yatham LN, Zis AP. Atypical depressive symptoms in seasonal and non-seasonal mood disorders. J Affect Dis. 1997;44:39-44.
  • (41) Donofry SD, Roecklein KA, Rohan KJ, Wildes JE, Kamarck ML. Prevalence and correlates of binge eating in seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatr Research. 2014; 30; 217 (1-2):47-53.
  • (42) Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Lingjaerde O, Dahl AA. Personality disorders in patients with winter depresión. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994;90:413-19.
  • (43) Lam RW, Solyom L, Tompkins A. Seasonal mood symptoms in bulimia nervosa and seasonal affective disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1991; 32:552-58.
  • (44) Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, Hamer RM, Jacobsen FM, Suples T, et al. The efficacy of Light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162 (4): 656-662.
  • (45) Lam RW, Levitt AJ. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Vancouver: Clinical & Academic Publishing; 1999.
  • (46) Eastman CI, Young MA, Fogg LF, Liu L, Meaden PM. Bright light treatment of winter depression: a placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55 (10): 883.
  • (47) Lam RW, Gorman CP, Michalon M, Steiner M, Levitt AJ, Corral MR, et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152 (12): 1765.
  • (48) Lam RW, Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, Enns MW, Morehouse R, Michalak EE, et al. The Can-SAD study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:805-812.
  • (49) Moscovitch A, Blashko CA, Eagles JM, Darcourt G, Thompson C, Kasper S, et al. A placebo-controlled study of sertraline in the treatment of outpatients with seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 171: 390-7.
  • (50) Pjerk E, Konstantinidis A, Assem-Hilger E, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M, Kasper S, et al. Therapeutic effects of escitalopram and reboxetine in seasonal affective disorder: A pooled analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2009; 792-797.
  • (51) Modell JG, Rosenthal NE, Harriett AE, Krishen A, Asgharian A, Foster VJ, et al, Wightman DS. Seasonal affective disorder and its prevention by anticipatory treatment with bupropion XL. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58(8):658.
  • (52) Niegmegeers P, Dumont GJ, Patteet L, Neels H, Sabbe Bg, Bupropion for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9 (9): 1229-40.
  • (53) Seo HJ et al. An open-label, rater-blinded, 8-week trial of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release in patients with major depressive disorder with atypical features 2013; 46(6): 221-6.
  • (54) Thompson C, Raheja SK, King EA. A follow-up study of seasonal affective disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 167:380.
  • (55) Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lindsey KT, Johnson LG, Lippy RD, Lacy TJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007; 489-500.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet