Aplicaciones de los cannabinoides en glaucoma
ISSN: 0365-6691
Año de publicación: 2011
Volumen: 86
Número: 1
Páginas: 16-23
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmologia
Resumen
Introducción: El glaucoma es una neuropatía óptica lentamente progresiva que constituye una de las principales causas de ceguera legal en el mundo. Actualmente existe un limitado grupo de fármacos tópicos para su manejo médico, siendo necesario enfocar la investigación hacia nuevos horizontes terapéuticos como el potencialmente útil grupo de los agonistas de cannabinoides. Objetivo: Revisar a través de la literatura científica actual, los efectos beneficiosos a través de distintas vías de administración de los cannabinoides para la neuropatía óptica glaucomatosa. Desarrollo: Los receptores de cannabinoides han demostrado una amplia expresión en los tejidos oculares implicados en la regulación de la tensión ocular, así como en las capas internas de la retina. Mediante la activación de receptores específicos CB1, CB2 y vías aún no bien conocidas, los agonistas de cannabinoides han demostrado un claro efecto hipotensor ocular, así como un probado efecto neuroprotector sobre las células ganglionares de la retina en estudios experimentales. Conclusiones: Algunos cannabinoides (WIN 55212-2, anandamida) han demostrado a nivel experimental actuar como «fármacos ideales» en el manejo del glaucoma, al presentar buena tolerancia tras su aplicación tópica, reducir de forma eficaz la presión intraocular, y presentar un probado carácter neuroprotector sobre las células ganglionares de la retina. Se deben realizar más estudios sobre su seguridad y ensayos clínicos para poder examinar la utilidad de estos fármacos en el tratamiento del glaucoma en nuestra clínica diaria.
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