Intoxicación por metanol. A propósito de un caso

  1. Blanco-Fuentes, Urko 1
  2. Gil-Martin, Francisco-Javier 1
  1. 1 Servicio Vasco de Salud-Osakidetza. Servicio de Emergencias. Euskadi, España
Journal:
Gaceta médica de Bilbao: Revista oficial de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. Información para profesionales sanitarios

ISSN: 0304-4858,  2173-2302

Year of publication: 2022

Volume: 119

Issue: 3

Pages: 162-164

Type: Article

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More publications in: Gaceta médica de Bilbao: Revista oficial de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao. Información para profesionales sanitarios

Abstract

Methanol is a common component of lacquers, de-icers, burning alcohols, varnishes, solvents, glues... Methanol poisoning in our environment is rare, but it has high morbidity and mortality caused by the great toxicity of formic acid (methanol metabolite), favored by the delay in diagnosis and technical difficulties for its management. The most frequent symptoms are headache, nausea, abdominal pain, blurred vision, impaired visual acuity and decreased level of consciousness. The administration of ethanol competitively inhibits the formation of formic acid by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. The fomepizole is an antidote whose affinity for the enzyme is much higher; however, it is not marketed in Spain. Mortality in methanol poisonings varies between 3-36%. 50% of the patients who survive present permanent sequelae in the form of blindness, parkinsonism and sensitive axonal polyneuropathy.

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