Material biologikoen integrazioa teknologianbiosentsoreak

Resumen

The last decades of the 20th century witnessed the development of new devices called biosensors which detect a variety of analytes. Biosensors are comprised of two main components: a bioreceptor and a transducer. They combine biological material (enzyme, protein...) with a suitable platform for the generation of a measurable signal according to the detected response. Biosensors for qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative analysis are available. Although the most popular ones are those for diabetes control and pregnancy detection, they are expanding in many sectors and, in addition to the health-medicine applications, a wide variety of applications in other disciplines (food industry, agriculture...) are emerging. As an indicative of their increasing demand, the global biosensor market is expected to grow at a compound rate of 7-8% from 2023 to 2030. Despite all the challenges facing their large-scale manufacture, these devices are already playing a vital role in monitoring our everyday lives and they can assist us in urgent decision making. Thus, this paper’s objective is to bring the readers closer to the broad and promising world of the biosensors, not only explaining the main role of biosensors and their basic components, but also describing their analytical features and classification, illustrated by a variety of examples.